Like Tailscale, ZeroTier takes care of NAT traversal. ZeroTier peer-to-peer connections are reliable and fast, as they are low latency, direct communications. Tailscale manages key distribution, key rotation, machine certificates, and all configurations for users, which is very useful if any of the devices on the network belong to non-technical users. Tailscale makes connecting devices straightforward: you simply install and log into Tailscale on each device using your organization’s SSO identity provider. New nodes can be added to a ZeroTier network by sharing a computer-generated secret code, which must be entered by the user at connection time. ZeroTier’s Virtualization Layer 2 (VL2) acts as the configuration manager. A user starts a ZeroTier node without having to write configuration files or provide the IP addresses of other nodes. ZeroTier is designed to be a “zero-configuration” technology. Here, we’ll do a head-to-head comparison, outlining their unique strengths and differences. ZeroTier and Tailscale share a similar purpose, yet they have different underlying structures. Instead of a custom protocol, Tailscale uses the standard WireGuard VPN protocol for its data transfer. Nodes are authorized by logging into a central identity system such as Google, Microsoft AzureAD, or Okta. Tailscale’s architecture, in contrast, uses a SaaS central coordination service which is invisible to end users. Their product is open source but subject to their Business Source License. They run on Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, Linux, FreeBSD, and several network-attached storage (NAS) appliances. ZeroTier’s hardware-agnostic technology works on most industrial, commercial, or personal devices. These intermediaries help forge peer-to-peer connections and make everything work. ZeroTier’s centralized component is a set of 12 root servers which are distributed across the globe in stable, fast locations. VL2 is responsible for creating secure network boundaries, multicast, enforcing rules and capabilities-based security, and certificate-based access control. “Virtual Layer 2” (VL2) is built on top of VL1 and leverages software-defined networking principles to function as a virtual extensible local area network (VX-LAN).“Virtual Layer 1” (VL1) is the peer-to-peer network backbone which encrypts communications, ensures endpoint authentication, and verifies credentials using asymmetric keys.Their tagline is “decentralize until it hurts, then centralize until it works.” They offer a custom-made protocol that has 2 virtualization layers: ZeroTier is a decentralized network virtualization platform. People want to be able to connect to private resources from anywhere in a highly secure way, and this is where ZeroTier and Tailscale come in. Network architects are embracing a new “ zero trust” approach, which means physical networks cannot be trusted, and every device must always be end-to-end encrypted and authenticated. As modern enterprises migrate to cloud-based services and remote work, fortified corporate walls are deteriorating, and so is the use for a traditional VPN.
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